Grand Dragon Ku Klux Klan Robe and Hood

One of the most recognized symbols of the white supremacy movement is the white robe and hood of the Ku Klux Klan. Colored-fabric KKK robes indicate rank within the organization. This orange robe and hood belonged to the highest-ranking KKK official in Texas known as the Grand Dragon, represented by the letters "G" and "D" on the robe. The robes and hoods were used to conceal the identities of its members, which could include prominent businessmen, police officers, and high-ranking public officials.

Originally founded in Pulaski, Tennessee, by six Confederate veterans following the Civil War in 1865, the Ku Klux Klan quickly spread to Texas and other Southern states. Klan members swore to support the supremacy of the white race. African Americans, Mexican Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and anyone challenging the group’s idea of morality were considered enemies. Across Texas, the organization led public parades, advertised in newspapers, held late-night cross-burnings, and committed violent and murderous acts against people of color and political opponents. They became so powerful that following the 1922 statewide election, a majority of congressmen in the Texas House of Representatives were Klan members. The Klan also controlled numerous city governments in North Texas and influenced legislation statewide.

Their power in Texas began to fade in 1924 when Miriam “Ma” Ferguson defeated Klan-candidate Felix D. Robertson to become the Democratic gubernatorial candidate. Her anti-Klan platform and subsequent election as governor coupled with increased Klan controversy led to dissension within the organization and a growing anti-Klan sentiment among Texans. By the late 1920s, Klan membership declined rapidly along with the organization’s realm of influence throughout the state. The Ku Klux Klan never again reached the number of followers they had in the early 20th century, but KKK groups can still be found in the United States today.